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G5348_φθάνω
voorkomen, bereiken, reiken tot
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fthano̱,
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Lexicon G. Abbott-Smith

Voor meer informatie: G. Abbott-Smith's A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (New York: Scribner's, 1922)

φθάνω [in LXX for נגע H5060 hi., מטא H4291, etc. ;] 1. to come before another, anticipate (cl.): c. acc. pers., I Th 4:15. 2. In late writers and MGr. (v. Kennedy, Sources, 156; Lft., Notes, 35), to come, arrive: Ro 9:31; seq. εἰς, Phl 3:16; ἄχρι, II Co 10:14; ἐπί (cf. Da TH 4:21, and v. Dalman, Words, 107), Mt 12:28, Lk 11:20, I Th 2:16 (cf. προ-φθάνω).†

Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon

Voor meer informatie: Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon (1940)

φθάνω,
   Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.506 , imperfect ἔφθανον Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 6.2.30, “Anthologia Graeca” 9.272 (from Bianor) : future φθήσομαι Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.444, Thucydides Historicus 5.10, Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 375c, etc. ; but φθάσω ᾰ Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ νούσων” 3.13 (assuming variant), Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.4.38 : aorist ἔφθᾰσα Herodotus Historicus 7.161, Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 752 (troch.), Thucydides Historicus 3.49, Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.1.19, etc.; imper. φθάσον Josephus Historicus “Antiquitates Judaicae” 6.11.7 ; optative 3rd.pers. singular φθάσειε Isocrates Orator 8.120, pl. φθάσειαν Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 7.2.14 (this tense prevails in later Gk., Polybius Historicus 3.66.1, etc.) ; Doric dialect ἔφθασσα Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 2.115: but the only Ep. aorist is ἔφθην, not found in Aeschylus Tragicus or Sophocles Tragicus , but the more usual form in Euripides Tragicus and Aristophanes Comicus, less frequently in Thucydides Historicus, Xenophon Historicus, Demosthenes Orator ; plural ἔφθημεν, -ητε, -ησαν, Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 1468, Isocrates Orator 5.7, Antipho Orator 2.2.5 , Epic dialect plural 3 φθάν Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.51; subjunctive φθῶ, Epic dialect 3rd.pers. singular φθήῃ, φθῇσιν, 16.861, 23.805 ; Epic dialect 1st pers. plural φθέωμεν Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 16.383 ; 3rd.pers. plural φθέωσι 24.437 ; optative φθαίην, Epic dialect 3rd.pers. singular φθαίησι (παρα-) Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.346 ; infinitive φθῆναι Herodotus Historicus 6.115, Thucydides Historicus 4.4 ; participle φθάς Herodotus Historicus 3.71 ; Epic dialect participle middle φθάμενος Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.119, al., Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 554: perfect ἔφθᾰκα Philipp. cited in Demosthenes Orator 18.39, LXX.2Ch.28.9, “IG” 12 9).906.26 (Chalcis, 3rd c.AD)+4th c.BC+; πέφθακα Pseudo-Callisthenes Historicus 2.10 (see. l) : pluperfect ἐφθάκει Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Galba” 17, Lucianus Sophista “Philops.” 6 :—passive, Aristoteles Philosophus “de Mundo” 395a18 : imperfect ἐφθάνετο “Anthologia Graeca” 9.278 (from Bianor) ; ἐφθάνοντο Josephus Historicus “Bellum Judaicum” 5.2.4 (variant{ἐφονεύοντο}) : aorist ἐφθάσθην Dionysius Halicarnassensis 6.25, “epigram Gr.” 315 (from Smyrna), “IPE” 2.197 (Panticapaeum, 2nd c.AD), Josephus Historicus “Antiquitates Judaicae” 8.12.4. Galenus Medicus 4.560 . φθᾰνω always in Attic dialect (so also in “Anthologia Graeca” 9.272 (from Bianor), “APl.” 4.382, 384) ; φθᾱνω in Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.506, 21.262 (where Zenodotus Grammaticus read φθανέει for φθάνει) :—come or do first or before others:
__I with accusative person, to be beforehand with, overtake, outstrip, in running or otherwise, φθάνει δέ τε καὶ τὸν ἄγοντα Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.262; φθῆ σε τελος θανάτοιο 11.451, compare Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 554, 570, Herodotus Historicus 7.161, Euripides Tragicus “Heraclidae” 120, “IT” 669, Isocrates Orator 9.42, etc.; οὐ μὴ φθάσωμεν τοὺς κοιμηθέντας NT.1Thes.4.15 ; so ἔφθησαν τὸν χειμῶνα they anticipated the storm, Herodotus Historicus 7.188; φθάσας τὸν λογισμόν Demosthenes Orator 21.38 :—passive, to be overtaken, ὑπό τινος Aristoteles Philosophus “de Mundo” 395a18, “Anthologia Graeca” 9.278 (from Bianor) ; ἐφθάσθην (see. above).
__II absolutely, come or act first, opposed to ὑστερέω or ὑστερίζω, Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 975, Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 6.1.18, compare Thucydides Historicus 4.121 ; τοῦ φθάσαντος ἁρπαγή the prey of the first comer, Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 752 (troch.), compare “fragment” 23 (Lyric poetry); πρὶν ἐλθεῖν αὐτοὺς φθάσαι βουλόμενοι Thucydides Historicus 7.36; μὴ φθάσῃ ἐς τὸν Ἑλλήσποντον ἐσπλεύσας prev. author 8, 100; φθάσαι πρὶν ἀδικηθῆναι Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1302b23, compare “Rh.” 1373a23 ; in later writers, τὰ φθάσαντα the things before mentioned, Aelianus “Varia Historia” 1.34, Arg. Demosthenes Orator 46 ; participle φθάνων, φθάσας previous, τῶν φθασάντων δυεῖν βιβλίων Porphyrius Tyrius Philosophus “de Abstinentia - Porphyrii Opuscula” 3.1 ; ἐν τοῖς φθάνουσιν ἔργοις Dex.Hist. “fragment” 26 Josephus Historicus; τοῖς φθάνουσι κατορθώμασι prev. author “fragment” 6 Josephus Historicus; οἱ φθάσαντες πόνοι Agathias Historicus et Epigrammaticus 5.16; τὸ φθάνον previous time, Aelianus “Varia Historia” 14.6 ; τὸ φθάσαν, τὰ φθάσαντα, the past, Agathias Historicus et Epigrammaticus 3.2, al., Procopius Gazaeus Rhetor “Epistulae - Epistolographi” 32; ὁ φθάσας χρόνος Menander Comicus Prot. p.127 Demosthenes Orator
__II.2 with Preps., come or arrive first, ἕως τῶν οὐρανῶν LXX.2Ch.28.9; ἔφθασεν ἐφ᾽ ὑμᾶς NT.Matt.12.28, NT.Luke.11.20, cf. NT.1Thes.2.16: φ. εἰς+NT.., simply, arriveat, attain to, NT.Rom.9.31, NT.Phil.3.16, Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.338a; φθάσομεν εἰς Πηλούσι ον “PPar.” 18.14 (2nd c.AD): absolutely, of Time, arrive, καιρὸς τῆς τομῆς ἔφθακε (variant{ἔφθασεν}) LXX.Cant.2.12 ; ἔφθασεν ὁ μὴν ὁ ἕβδομος LXX.2Esd.3.1.
__II.2.b extend, μέχρι γῆς Plotinus Philosophus 3.27; εἰς βορρᾶν “PFlor.” 50.87 (3rd c.AD).
__II.2.c reach, αἰθέρα “APl.” 4.384.
__II.2.d Grammars, to be applied or applicable, ἐπ᾽ ἀμφοτέρας τὰς διαθέσεις Apollonius Dyscolus Grammaticus “de Syntaxi;” 211.22, compare 217.23, al.
__III the action in which one is beforehand is expressed by the participle agreeing with the subject, Ἄτη πολλὸν ὑπεκπροθέει, φθάνει δέ τε πᾶσαν ἐπ᾽ αἶαν βλάπτουσ᾽ ἀνθρώπους and is beforehand in doing men mischief, Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.506 ; ἀλλ᾽ ἄρα μιν φθῆ Τηλέμαχος κατόπισθε βαλών Telemachus was beforehand with him in striking, i.e. struck first, Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 22.91, compare 16.383, Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.368; ἔφθασέν με προαπελθὼν Χάρμος “PCair.Zen.” 16.3 (3rd c.BC) ; ἔφθησαν ἀπικόμενοι arrived first, Herodotus Historicus 4.136, compare 6.115 ; so φ. εὐεργετῶν to be the first to show a kindness, Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 2.3.14; ὅπως φθάσειαν βοηθήσαντες prev. author “HG” 7.2.14; ἔφθασαν προκαταλαβόντες Thucydides Historicus 3.112; φθάνουσιν αὐτοὺς προκαταφυγοῦσαι prev. author 2.91; ἢν φθάσωσιν πρότερον διαφθείραντες τὸ στράτευμα prev. author 7.25; φ. γόνασι προσπεσὼν πατρός Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 986, etc: participle passive is also used, ἦ κε πολὺ φθαίη πόλις ἁλοῦσα, i.e. it would be taken first, Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.815 ; εἴ κε φθήῃ τυπείς shall be wounded first, 16.861 ; φθαίητε γὰρ ἂν.. ἐξανδραποδισθέντες ἣ.. Herodotus Historicus 6.108; μὴ φθάσωσι προεπιβουλευόμενοι Thucydides Historicus 3.83; ἔφθη κατακωλυθείς Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 1.6.17 ; φθάνειν δεῖ πεφραγμένους τοὶς πόρους they must first be blocked up, prev. author “Cyr.” 2.4.25: these clauses, being comparable in sense, are followed by a gen., φθὰν δὲ μέγ᾽ ἱππήων.. κοσμηθέντες were drawn up before the drivers, Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.51 ; more frequently by πρὶν.. or ἢ.., ἔφθη ὀρεξάμενος, πρὶν οὐτάσαι 16.322, compare Antipho Orator 1.29, Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.2.4; φθήσονται τούτοισι πόδες καὶ γοῦνα καμόντα ἢ ὑμῖν Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.444; ἔφθης πεζὸς ἰὼν ἢ ἐγὼ σὺν νηΐ Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.58 ; ἔφθησαν ἀναβάντες πρὶν ἢ.. Herodotus Historicus 9.70 ; ἔφθησαν ἐκπεσόντες πρότερον ἢ.. prev. author 6.91.
__III.b in later Gr., with participle to express previous action or happening, φθάνω ὑμῖν πρότερον γεγραφηκώς I have already written to you, “POxy.” 1666.3 (3rd c.AD), compare 237 vi30 (2nd c.AD) , etc.; ἔφθασα εἰρηκώς Lucianus Sophista “Pisc.” 29; ὡς ἔφθην εἰπών prev. author “Par.” 3; compare 111.2b.
__III.2 in the same sense, participle φθάς or φθάσας, Epic dialect φθάμενος, is used like an adverb with a principal Verb, ὅς μ᾽ ἔβαλε φθάμενος, for ὅς μ᾽ ἔφθη βαλών, Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.119, compare 13.387, Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 19.449 ; οὐκ ἄλλος φθὰς ἐμεῦ κατήγορος ἔσται no other shall be an accuser before me, Herodotus Historicus 3.71 ; ἀνέῳξάς με φθάσας you opened the door before me, Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 1102; φθάσας προσπεσοῦμαι Thucydides Historicus 5.9, compare 2.91, Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.5.3, etc. ; even with a participle, φθάσας.. ἁρπάσας Herodotus Historicus 6.65 ; rarely participle present, φθάνοντες δῃοῦμεν Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.3.18.
__III.2.b in signification 111.1b, φθάσαντες ἐπληρώσαμεν αὐτούς we had already paid them, “POxy.” 1103.6 (4th c.AD) ; but ὡσεὶ καὶ ὁμογενῆ φθάσας εἶπον as if I had said (not had already said) ὁ., Galenus Medicus 16.502.
__III.3 rarely with infinitive, ὁ φθάσας θαρσῆσαι he that first gains confidence, Thucydides Historicus 3.82 ; σπεύδειν ὅπως.. φθαίης ἔτ᾽ εἰς ἐκκλησίαν ἐλθεῖν (variant{ἐλθών}) hurry to be in time to get to.., Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 935 (Lyric poetry), compare “Nu.” 1384 (see. infr. IV. 1) ; μόλις φθάνει θρόνοισιν ἐμπεσοῦσα μὴ χαμαὶ πεσεῖν hardly manages by falling first on the seat not to fall on the ground, Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 1169 ; more frequently in later writers, of actions which one manages to do, does before or has done first or already, Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 1.1189, Dionysius Halicarnassensis 4.59, 61, Soranus Medicus 1.111, Galenus Medicus 15.2,93, Lucianus Sophista “DMort.” 13.2, “Harm.” 2; ἐὰν φθάσω πρὸ τῆς τρύγης ἀνελθεῖν “PSI” 8.971.10 (3rd-4th c.AD) ; ἐὰν ὁ ἰατρὸς αὐτὸ φθάσῃ κενῶσαι Galenus Medicus 16.499 ; φθάνοντος ἤδη πυρέττειν ἐκ τεττάρων ἡμερῶν τοῦ νοσοῦντος having already begun, prev. work498 ; μὴ φθάνων προσηκόντως τρέφεσθαι if he is not first suitably nourished, prev. author 18(2).36, compare 84,103 ; συμβαίνει φθάνειν ἀποθνῄσκειν τοὺς νεωτέρους the young die first, prev. work222 ; εἰ φθάσαιμεν παλαιοὺς πίθους ἔχειν μεγάλους if we already have.., “Geoponica” 6.3.11, compare 10.22.2, al., Apollonius Dyscolus Grammaticus “de Pronominibus;” 90.1; ἔφθακεν οὖν ταῦτα ἐψηφίσθαι καὶ τῇ βουλῇ “IG” 12(9).906.26 (Chalcis, 3rd c.AD).
__IV with negatives,
__IV.1 with οὐ and participle (infinitive is see reading in Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 1384), followed by καί or καὶ εὐθύς, of two actions following close on each other, οὐ φθάνειν χρὴ συσκιάζοντας γένυν καὶ.. ὁρμᾶν you must no sooner get your beard than you march, Euripides Tragicus “Supplices” 1219 ; οὐ φθάνει ἐξαγόμενος καὶ εὐθὺς ὅμοιός ἐστι τοῖς ἀκαθάρτοις no sooner is he brought out than he becomes unclean, Xenophon Historicus “de Equitandi ratione” 5.10, compare Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 1384 ; οὐκ ἔφθημεν εἰς Τροιζῆν᾽ ἐλθόντες καὶ τοιαύταις νόσοις ἐλήφθημεν ἐξ ὧν.. no sooner had we come to Troezen than.., Isocrates Orator 19.22, compare 5.53, 8.98, 9.53 ; οὐκ ἔφθη μοι συμβᾶσα ἡ ἀτυχία καὶ εὐθὺς ἐπεχείρησαν διαφορῆσαι τἄνδοθεν scarcely or no sooner had misfortune befallen me when.., Demosthenes Orator 57.65, compare 43.69, Isocrates Orator 4.86.
__IV.2 οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις, οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιτε, with participle present, express a strong exhortation or urgent command, οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιτε τὴν ταχίστην ὀπίσω ἀπαλλασσόμενοι you could not be too quick in departing, i.e. make haste and be off, Herodotus Historicus 7.162 ; οὐ φθάνοιτ᾽ ἔτ᾽ ἄν θνῄσκοντες make haste and die, Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 936, compare 941, Alcaeus 662, “Heracl.” 721, “Tr.” 456 (troch.), “IT” 245; οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιτον τοῦτο πράττοντε Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 485; ἀποτρέχων οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις prev. work 1133 ; εἰς ἀγορὰν ἰὼν ταχέως οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις prev. work 874, compare “Ec.” 118; οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις λέγων Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 185e, Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 2.3.11 ; these phrases are not to be treated as questions, compare οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιμι (i.e. λέγων) Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 214e, compare “Phd.” 100c, Demosthenes Orator 25.40, Lucianus Sophista “Fug.” 26, “Symp.” 2, “Anach.” 14 : with participle aorist, once in Lucianus Sophista, “Vit.Auct.” 26.
__IV.2.b in 1, 2, or 3 pers., to express immediate futurity, οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις ἀκούων you shall hear in a moment, Plato Philosophus “Euthydemus” 272d ; οὐκ ἂν φθάνοι τὸ πλῆθος τούτοις τοῖς θηρίοις δουλεῦον will soon (or inevitably) be enslaved to.., Demosthenes Orator 24.143 ; also to express what is logically inevitable, οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιεν αὐτοὺς προσκυνοῦντες they will soon be (or cannot logically help) worshipping them, Aristeas 137; τοῦτο μὲν οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις καὶ Ἐμπεδοκλεῖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ ἐγκαλῶν Lucianus Sophista “Fug.” 2; οὐκ ἂν φθάνοι κἀμὲ μάντιν λέγων prev. author “Hes.” 8; οὐκ ἂν φθάνοι τις ἁπάσας ἀναιρῶν τὰς τοιαύτας προστασίας prev. author “Apol.” 11 : with participle aorist, prev. author “Tox.” 2.

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