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G5467_χαλεπός
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chalepos̱,
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Lexicon G. Abbott-Smith

Voor meer informatie: G. Abbott-Smith's A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (New York: Scribner's, 1922)

χαλεπός, -ή, -όν [in LXX: Is 18:2 (נוֺרָא H3372), Wi 3:19, Si 3:21, al. ;] hard; (a) hard to do or deal with, difficult; (b) hard to bear, painful, grievous: καιροί, II Ti 3:1; (c) of persons, hard to deal with, harsh, fierce, savage: Mt 8:28.†

Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon

Voor meer informatie: Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon (1940)

χαλεπ-ός, ή, όν,
  difficult (ὃ ἂν μὴ ῥᾴδιον ᾖ ἀλλὰ διὰ πολλῶν πραγμάτων γίγνηται Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 341d: opposed to ῥᾴδιος, Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica” 1363a24, in various relations):
__I in reference to the feelings, hard to bear, painful, grievous (so frequently in Homerus Epicus), κεραυνός Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 14.417; θύελλα 21.335; ἄνεμοι Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 12.286; πόνος 23.250; ἄλγος, πένθος, 2.193, 6.169; γῆρας Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.103; ἄλη Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.464; χαλεπώτερος ἄεθλος Hesiodus Epicus “Theogonia” 800 ; ἄλλα τῶν κατεχόντων πρηγμάτων - ώτερα Herodotus Historicus 6.40; χ. πνεῦμα Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 166 (Lyric poetry); δύα prev. author “Th.” 228 (Lyric poetry) ; χαλεπώτατα πράγματα Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 1273 (anap.); συμφορά Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 768 (Lyric poetry) ; νόσος, πλάνη, etc., Xenophon Historicus “Symposium” 4.37, Plato Philosophus “Sophista” 245e (Comp.), etc. ; ἡ ἐσβολὴ αὕτη -ωτάτη τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις ἐγένετο Thucydides Historicus 3.26 ; θώρακες δύσφοροι καὶ χ., of ill-fitting cuirasses, Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 3.10.13: τὸ χ. τοῦ πνεύματος the severity of the wind, prev. author “An.” 4.5.4 ; τὰ χ. hardships, opposed to τὰ τερπνά, prev. author “Mem.” 2.1.23, etc.; τερπνῶν χαλεπῶν τε κρίσις Pindarus Lyricus “Fragmenta.” 131, compare Plotinus Philosophus 5.9.14 : comparative, more unpleasant, Julianus Imperator “Orationes” 6.202c.
__I.2 hard to do or deal with, difficult, irksome, -ώτατον ἔργον ἁπάντων Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 516 (anap.); compare Thucydides Historicus 3.59 (Sup.), etc. ; χαλεπὰ τὰ καλά proverbial cited in Plato Philosophus “Hp.Ma.” 304e, al. , attributed to Solon by Scholia (at prev. work); χαλεπὸν ὁ βίος Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 2.9.1, compare Plato Philosophus “Politicus” 299e: with infinitive active or middle, χαλεπή τοι ἐγὼ μένος ἀντιφέρεσθαι, = {χαλεπόν ἐστί μοι ἀντιφέρεσθαί σοι}, Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.482; χαλεποὶ δὲ θεοὶ φαίνεσθαι ἐναργεῖς 20.131 ; χαλεπὸν δέ τ᾽ ὀρύσσειν τὸ μῶλυ Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.305; χ. προϊδέσθαι καπρός Hesiodus Epicus “Scutum Herculis” 386; χ. ἔρις ἀνθρώποις ὁμιλεῖν κρεσσόνων Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 10.72; χ. προσπολεμεῖν Isocrates Orator 4.138, compare Thucydides Historicus 7.51 (Comp.) ; χ. συγγενέσθαι, εὑρεῖν, γενέσθαι, Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 330c, 412b, 502c; χ. πάσχειν prev. author “Cri.” 49b (Comp.) : also with infinitive passive, χαλεπὸς διαγνωσθῆναι καὶ δειχθῆναι Antipho Orator 2.1.1, compare Thucydides Historicus 3.94, etc.; χαλεπὸν ληφθῆναι ὁ τόπος Aristoteles Philosophus “Physica” 212a8 ; χαλεπόν ἐστι with infinitive, 'tis hard, difficult to do, Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.651 ; with accusative et infinitive, 'tis difficult for one to do.., Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.620, Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 20.313 : with dative et infinitive, Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.184, Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.156.
__I.3 dangerous, λιμένες 19.189; θάλασσα Thucydides Historicus 4.24; χ. τὰ παρόντα Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 3.2.2.
__I.4 of ground, difficult, rugged, χωρία χ. καὶ πετρώδη Thucydides Historicus 4.9; ὁδός prev. author 5.58, Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 328e; χ... καὶ προσάντης.. ὁδός ἐστιν Anaxandrides Comicus 56; πρόσοδοι Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 5.2.3; πορεία prev. work 5.6.10; σταθμός prev. work 4.5.3 ; χωρίον -ώτατον a place most difficult to take, prev. work 4.8.2.
__II of persons, hard to deal with, cruel, harsh, stern (opposed to πρᾷος, Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 493b (Sup.), Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1126a26), βασιλεύς, δαίμων, Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.232, 19.201; χαλεποί τε καὶ ἄγριοι 8.575 ; -ώτερος a more bitter enemy, Thucydides Historicus 3.40 ; -ώτατοι most difficult to deal with, most dangerous or troublesome, prev. work 42, compare 7.21; -ώτεροι πάροικοι prev. author 3.113; χαλεπόν γε θυγάτηρ κτῆμα Menander Comicus 18 : with dative person, cruel or harsh towards one, Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 17.388; τοῖς ξυμπροθυμηθεῖσι τὸν ἔκπλουν Thucydides Historicus 8.1, etc. ; πρὸς τοὺς πολεμίους, τοὺς ἀγνῶτας, Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 375c, Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1328a8 (also πρὸς τοὺς δρόμους Xenophon Historicus “Cynegeticus” 5.17); ἐπὶ νύμφαις ἀλλοτρίαις Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 22.145.
__II.b of words, χαλεπῷ ἠνίπαπε μύθῳ Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.245, etc.; ἐρεθιζέμεν αἰεὶ μύθοισιν χ. Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 17.395 ; χ. ὀνείδεα, ὁμοκλαί, Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.438, Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 17.189; φῆμις 14.239; μῆνις Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.178.
__II.c especially of judges, ἦν τὸ δίκαιον φυλάσσων χ. Herodotus Historicus 1.100, compare Plato Philosophus “Critias” 107d, Andocides Orator 4.36; also χ. ἀρχή Thucydides Historicus 1.77; τιμωρία Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 39c (Comp.) ; νόμοι prev. author “Hp.Mi.” 372a (Comp.), Demosthenes Orator 21.44, 35.50.
__II.d savage, fierce, κύνες Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 5.8.24, “Cyn.” 10.23 ; of bees, Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 624b30 (Comp.) ; θηρία χ. τὰς φύσεις Plato Philosophus “Politicus” 274b.
__II.2 ill-tempered, testy, χ. ὢν καὶ δύσκολος Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 942, compare Isocrates Orator 19.26; ὀργὴν χ. Herodotus Historicus 3.131 ; χαλεπῇ τῇ χειρί with a rough hand, Aristophanes Comicus “Lysistrata” 1116.
__II.3 of plants, hurtful to the soil, Theophrastus Philosophus “Historia Plantarum” 8.9.3 (Sup.).
__B adverb -πῶς hardly, with difficulty, διαγνῶναι χ. ἦν ἄνδρα ἕκαστον Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.424; χ. δέ σ᾽ ἔολπα τὸ ῥέξειν 20.186; χ. κε φύγοις κακόν Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 684; χ. ὀργὰς μεταβάλλουσιν Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 121 (anap.); χ. γνῶναι Antipho Orator 3.2.1; τὰ τοῖς ἄλλοις χ. εὑρημένα ῥᾳδίως μανθάνειν Isocrates Orator 1.18, compare 44 οὐ or μὴ χ. without much ado, Thucydides Historicus 1.2, 7.81, etc.
__B.2 hardly, scarcely, δοκέω.. χ. ἂν Ἕλληνας Πέρσῃσι μάχεσθαι Herodotus Historicus 7.103; χ. παρὰ τοῖς ἐχθροῖς εὑρεθήσεται Lysias Orator 29.2; χ. ἂν πείσαιμι Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 84d.
__B.3 χ. ἔχει, ={χαλεπόν ἐστι}, Thucydides Historicus 3.53 : with accusative et infinitive, Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 7.4.6.
__B.4 painfully, miserably, -ώτερον ζῆν Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 579d; ἐν τοῖς -ώτατα διῆγον Thucydides Historicus 7.71.
__B.II of persons, angrily, cruelly, harshly, χ. τιμωρεῖσθαι prev. author 3.46; ἀποκρίνασθαι prev. author 5.42, compare Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 203 (anap.), Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 60, Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 269b ; χ. φέρειν τι take it ill, Thucydides Historicus 2.16, Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 330a, etc. ; also χ. ἔφερον τῷ πολέμῳ, τοῖς πράγμασιν, Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 5.1.29, “An.” 1.3.3; ἐπὶ τῇ πολιορκίᾳ prev. author “HG” 7.4.21, compare Dionysius Halicarnassensis 3.50; also χ. φέρειν τινός Thucydides Historicus 2.62; also χ. λαμβάνεσθαι τοῦ παιδός Herodotus Historicus 2.121. ; χ. λαμβάνειν περί τινος Thucydides Historicus 6.61 ; of the laws compare(above 11.1c), χ. προστάττειν Plato Philosophus “Leges” 925d.
__B.II.2 frequently in the phrase χ. ἔχειν to be angry, Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 6.4.16, etc. ; τινι with one, prev. author “HG” 1.5.16; πρὸς τοὺς λόγους Isocrates Orator 3.3, compare 51 χ. ἔχειν τισὶν ἐπί τινι with persons for a thing, Demosthenes Orator 20.135, compare Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Cicero” 43; χ. διακεῖσθαι πρὸς ἅπαντας Isocrates Orator “Epistulae” 7.5; χ. πρὸς φιλοσοφίαν διακεῖσθαι Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 500b; χ. πρὸς ἡμᾶς διετέθησαν Isocrates Orator 8.79; ἐπί τινι χ. διατεθείς Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Pericles” 36.
__B.II.2.b χ. ἔχειν, also, to be in a bad way, χ. ἔχω ὑπὸ τοῦ πότου Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 176a, compare “Tht.” 142b. — Beside the regular comparative χαλεπώτερον (Thucydides Historicus 1.77, 7.50, Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 94d, etc.) we have -ωτέρως Thucydides Historicus 2.50, 8.40, Theophrastus Philosophus “Historia Plantarum” 6.7.1 : superlative -ώτατα Thucydides Historicus 7.71, 8.95, Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 579d, etc.

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