The Shapira Scroll (also known as the Shapira Strips) was a manuscript carrying Biblical verses written in Paleo-Hebrew script. It was presented by Moses Shapira in 1883 as an ancient Biblical artifact, and was the focus of a major archaeological controversy.

The scroll consisted of fifteen leather strips, and Shapira claimed to have found it in Wadi Mujib near the Dead Sea. The Hebrew text hinted at a different version of Deuteronomy, including an eleventh commandment: "Thou shalt not hate thy brother in thy heart: I am God, thy God". The authenticity of the scroll was quickly questioned by scholars, and the shame brought about by the accusation of forgery drove Shapira to suicide in 1884.

The scroll disappeared and then reappeared a couple of years later in a Sotheby's auction, where it was sold for £25. It was considered to have been destroyed in an 1899 fire at the house of the presumed final owner, Sir Charles Nicholson. In 2011 Australian researcher Matthew Hamilton identified its purchaser as Dr. Philip Brookes Mason. Mason's wife sold her husband's possessions after his death in 1903. The whereabouts of the scroll are unknown.

• Shlomo Guil, "The Shapira Scroll was an Authentic Dead Sea Scroll" in Palestine Exploration Quarterly, 2017, 149:1, 6-27
• Rabbi Fred N. Reiner, "C.D.Ginsberg and the Shapira Affair: A Nineteenth-Century Dead Sea Scroll Controversy" in The British Library Journal, Vol. 21.1 (1995)
• Wikipedia, Shapira Scroll, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapira_Scroll