Aantekeningen bij de Bijbel: Woordstudie G01161: δέ

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G1161_δέ

maar, bovendien

Taal: Grieks

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Woordstudie

de,

Bronnen

Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, δέ
katabiblon.com Wiki Lexicon of the Greek New Testament and Concordance, δέ

Lexicon G. Abbott-Smith

Voor meer informatie: G. Abbott-Smith's A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (New York: Scribner's, 1922)

δέ (before vowels δ’; on the general neglect of the elision in NT, v. WH, App., 146; Tdf., Pr., 96), post-positive conjunctive particle; 1. copulative, but, in the next place, and, now (Abbott, JG, 104): Mt 1:2ff., II Co 6:15, 16, II Pe 1:5-7; in repetition for emphasis, Ro 3:21, 22, 9:30, I Co 2:6, Ga 2:2, Phl 2:8; in transition to something new, Mt 1:18 2:19, Lk 13:1, Jo 7:14, Ac 6:1, Ro 8:28, I Co 7:1 8:1, al.; in explanatory parenthesis or addition, Jo 3:19, Ro 5:8, I Co 1:12, Eph 2:4 5:32, al.; ὡς δέ, Jo 2:9; καὶ . . . δέ, but also, Mt 10:18, Lk 1:76, Jo 6:51, Ro 11:23, al.; καὶ ἐὰν δέ, yea even if, Jo 8:16. 2. Adversative, but, on the other hand, prop., answering to a foregoing μέν (q.v.), and distinguishing a word or clause from one preceding (in NT most freq. without μέν; Bl., §77, 12): ἐὰν δέ, Mt 6:14, 23, al.; ἐγὼ (σὺ, etc.) δέ, Mt 5:22 6:6, Mk 8:29, al.; ὁ δέ, αὐτὸς δέ, Mk 1:45, Lk 4:40, al.; after a negation, Mt 6:19, 20, Ro 3:4, I Th 5:21, al.

Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon

Voor meer informatie: Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon (1940)

δέ,
but: adversative and copulative Particle,
__I answering to μέν (which see), τὴν νῦν μὲν Βοιωτίαν, πρότερον δὲ Καδμηίδα γῆν καλουμένην Thucydides Historicus 1.12, etc.
__II without preceding μέν,
__II.1 adversative, expressing distinct opposition, αἰεί τοι τὰ κάκ᾽ ἐστὶ φίλα.. μαντεύεσθαι, ἐσθλὸν δ᾽ οὔτε τί πω εἶπας lines 1.108; ὀρθῶς ἔλεξας, οὐ φίλως δέ μοι λέγεις Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 100, compare Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 85, etc.; τέθνηκεν ἀνδρὸς οὐδενός, θεοῦ δ᾽ ὕπο prev. author “Ph.” 334 ; so in Prose, οὐκ ἐπὶ κακῷ, ἐλευθερώσει δέ.. Thucydides Historicus 4.86; οἱ αἰχμάλωτοι.. ᾤχοντο εἰς Δεκέλειαν, οἱ δ᾽ εἰς Μέγαρα Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 1.2.14, compare “Cyr.” 4.5.46; ἡ δ᾽ ἑτέρα “IG” 2.652 A 45.
__II.2 copulative,
__II.2.a in explanatory clauses, ξυνέβησαν.. τὰ μακρὰ τείχη ἑλεῖν (ἦν δὲ σταδίων μάλιστα ὀκτώ) Thucydides Historicus 4.66, compare Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.48 : when a substantive is followed by words in apposition, Ἀρισταγόρῃ τῷ Μιλησίῳ, δούλῳ δὲ ἡμετέρῳ Herodotus Historicus 7.8. β; μήτηρ βασιλέως βασίλεια δ᾽ ἐμή Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 152 ; so in answers, διπλᾶ λέγειν. —Answ. διπλᾶδ᾽ ὁρᾶν prev. author “Th.” 974.
__II.2.b in enumerations or transitions, Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.43 - 49, 345 - 351, Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.2.1, etc. ; with repetition of a word in different relations, ὣς Ἀχιλεὺς θάμβησεν.., θάμβησαν δὲ καὶ ἄλλοι Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.483; σάκος εἷλε.., εἵλετο δ᾽ ἔγχος 14.9 {δε}; Ζεύς ἐστιν αἰθήρ, Ζεὺς δὲ γῆ, Ζεὺς δ᾽ οὐρανός Aeschylus Tragicus “Fragmenta - American Journal of Philology” 70; κινεῖκραδίαν, κινεῖδὲ χόλον Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 99; ὄζει ἴων, ὄζει δὲ ῥόδων, ὄζει δ᾽ ὑακίνθου Hermippus Comicus 82.8 ; in rhetorical outbursts, οὐκ ἂν εὐθέως εἴποιεν· τὸν δὲ βάσκανον, τὸν δὲ ὄλεθρον, τοῦτον δὲ ὑβρίζειν,—ἀναπνεῖν δέ. Demosthenes Orator 21.209 ; in a climax, πᾶν γύναιον καὶ παιδίον καὶ θηρίον δέ nay even beast, Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 171e, compare Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 5.2.37 ; in the combination καὶ δέ Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.80, al., καὶ.. δέ Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 973, Euripides Tragicus “Electra” 1117, etc., each particle retains its force.
__II.2.c answering to τε (which see), ἃ τῶν τε ἀποβαινόντων ἕνεκα ἄξια κεκτῆσθαι, πολὺ δὲ μᾶλλον αὐτὰ αὑτῶν Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 367c.
__II.3 implying causal connexion, less direct than γάρ, Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.160, Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.433.
__II.4 in questions, with implied opposition, ἑόρακας δ᾽, ἔφη, τὴν γυναῖκ; Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.1.4; καὶ ὁ Σωκράτης, εἰπέ μοι, ἔφη, κύνας δὲ τρέφει; prev. author “Mem.” 2.9.2, compare 2.1.26, Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 1172: in Trag. (not in Comedy texts or Oratt.), when the speaker turns from one person to another, the voc. stands first, then the pers. Pron. followed by δέ, as Μενέλαε, σοὶ δὲ τάδε λέγω.. Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 622, etc.; also in Herodotus Historicus, ὦ δέσποτα, ἐγὼ δὲ ταῦτα ἐποίησα 1.115.
__II.4.b τί δ; what then? to mark a transition in dialogue; see at {τίς}.
__II in apodosi:
__II.1 after hypothetical clauses, εἰ δέ κε μὴ δώωσιν, ἐγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἕλωμαι if they will not give it, then I.., Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.137, compare Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 12.54; εἰ μηδὲ τοῦτο βούλει ἀποκρίνασθαι, σὺ δὲ τοὐντεῦθεν λέγε Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.5.21, compare Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 3.43 (variant), Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1060, Herodotus Historicus 5.1, etc.
__II.1.b after temporal or relative clauses, with ἐπεί, ἕως, etc., Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.255, Herodotus Historicus 9.70, etc.; μέχρι.. εἶχον τὰ βέλη, οἱ δὲ ἀντεῖχον Thucydides Historicus 3.98 ; with demonstrative Pronouns or adverbs answering to a preceding relative, οἵηπερ φύλλων γενεή, τοίη δὲ καὶ ἀνδρῶν Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.146, etc.; ἆθλα οἷς κεῖται ἀρετῆς μέγιστα, τοῖς δὲ καὶ ἄνδρες ἄριστοι πολιτεύουσιν Thucydides Historicus 2.46; τοὺς δ᾽ ἔλαβε τυράννους.. τούτους δὲ.. ἐξεδίδου Herodotus Historicus 5.37, compare Isocrates Orator 4.98, Plato Philosophus “Laches” 194d; οἷα μὲν ἕκαστα ἐμοὶ φαίνεται τοιαῦτα μὲν ἔστιν ἐμοί, οἷα δὲ σοί, τοιαῦτα δὲ αὖ σοί prev. author “Tht.” 152a : sometimes after a participle, οἰόμενοι.. τιμῆς τεύξεσθαι, ἀντὶ δὲ τούτων οὐδ᾽ ὅμοιοι.. ἐσόμεθα Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 6.6.16, compare Isocrates Orator 15.71 (variant).
__II.2 to resume after an interruption or parenthesis, χρόνου δὲ ἐπιγινομένου καὶ κατεστραμμένων σχεδὸν πάντων..,—κατεστραμμένων δὲ τούτων.. Herodotus Historicus 1.28, 29; νῦν δ᾽ αὖ πάλιν ὑπό τε πλούτου διαθρυπτόμενος.. καὶ ὑπ᾽ ἀνθρώπων.. ὑπὸ τοιούτων δέ.. Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.2.23 ; with an anacoluthon, ἡ δὲ ψυχὴ ἄρα,—οἷ ἂν θεὸς θέλῃ.. τῇ ἐμῇ ψυχῇ ἰτέον, αὕτη δὲ δή.. Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 80d: for δ᾽ οὖν, see at {οὖν}.
__II.3 to begin a story, ἦμος δ᾽ ἠέλιος.. well, when the sun.., Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.400.
__II.4 to introduce a proof, τεκμήριον δέ, σημεῖον δέ, (see entry).
__B POSITION of δέ. It usually stands second: hence frequently between Article and substantive or preposition and case; but also after substantive, or words forming a connected notion, hence it may stand third, γυναῖκα πιστὴν δ᾽ ἐν δόμοις εὕροι Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 606, compare “Th.” 411, “Eu.” 531, Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 959, etc.; fourth, prev. author “OT” 485, Euripides Tragicus “Helena” 688, Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 323, 383, etc.; fifth, prev. work 401 codices; even sixth, Epigen. 7 (codices 2nd c.AD(?): Pollianus Epigrammaticus) ; so in Prose after a negative, οὐχ ὑπ᾽ ἐραστοῦ δέ, to avoid confusion between οὐ δέ and οὐδέ, Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 227c.

Synoniemen, homoniemen en afgeleide woorden

Grieks δή ^G1211 "dus, daarom, nu, nu reeds, dan eerst, werkelijk, inderdaad"; Grieks μέν ^G3303 "inderdaad, werkelijk, heus, sommigen"; Grieks μηδέ ^G3366 "en niet, ook niet"; Grieks ὅδε ^G3592 "deze hier, deze dingen, als volgt, aldus"; Grieks οὐδέ ^G3761 "niet (ook), niet (zelfs)"; Grieks τοιόσδε ^G5107 "zodanig";

Literatuur

Walter Bauer, Wörterbuch zum Neuen Testament, , [1988], ,